Translation
Loaded down with life, can you leave with nothing?
Focused in breath, can you compare with a baby?
Washing away the mystery, can you see life as flawless?
Loving the nation, can you govern the people without acting?
When Heavens gate opens wide, can your action be female?
When understanding reaches its full extent, can you know nothing?
Give birth and raise, give birth and not have;
Act and not depend on;
Be in charge and not rule;
This is called profound moral character.
1) carry (be loaded with) seek (operate) soul (vigor; spirit) hold or carry in the arms (embrace; hug), can (ability) nothing (nil; without) leave (off, from; without) 乎 (<part> expresses doubt or wonder). 载营魄抱一，能无离乎？(zăi yíng pò bào yī, néng wú lí hū)
2) special (for a particular purpose, expert) gas (air; breath; spirit; get angry) send (incur; result in) soft (yielding), can (ability) in compliance with (can compare with; like; as; as if) baby 乎 (<part> expresses doubt or wonder)? 专气致柔，能如婴儿乎？(zhuān qì zhì róu, néng rú yīng ér hū)
3) wash away (eliminate) black (dark; profound; abstruse) look at (see; view; read), can (ability) nothing (nil; without) flaw (defect; blemish) 乎 (<part> expresses doubt or wonder)? 涤除玄览，能无疵乎？(dí chú xuán lăn, néng wú cī hū)
4) love (like; cherish; take good care of) country (state; nation) rule (govern; manage; peace) the people (civilian), can (ability) nothing (nil; without) do (act; act as; serve as; become; be; mean) 乎 (<part> expresses doubt or wonder)? 爱国治民，能无为乎？(ài guó zhì mín, néng wú wéi hū)
5) sky (heaven; weather; nature) entrance (door; gate; valve) open (come loose; start; begin) entire (whole; shut; close), can (ability) do (act; act as; serve as; become; be; mean) female 乎 (<part> expresses doubt or wonder)? 天门开阖，能为雌乎？(tiān mén kāi gé, néng wéi cí hū)
6) clear (obvious; understand; know) four extend (reach; attain; amount to; understand thoroughly), can (ability) nothing (nil; without) know (realize; be aware of; tell; knowledge) 乎 (<part> expresses doubt or wonder). 明白四达，能无知乎。(míng bai sì dá, néng wú zhī hū)
7) give birth to (grow; life) of, raise domestic animals of, give birth to (grow; life) <conj.> and (yet, but) no (not) have (there is; exist); 生之，畜之，生而不有；(shēng zhī, chù zhī, shēng ér bù yŏu)
8) do (act; act as; serve as; become; be; mean) <conj.> and (yet, but) no (not) rely on (depend on); 为而不恃；(wéi ér bù shì)
9) older (elder; senior; eldest; oldest; chief) <conj.> and (yet, but) no (not) slaughter (butcher; govern; rule), 长而不宰，(cháng ér bù zăi,)
10) <grm> is (yes <frml> this; that) say (call; name; meaning; sense) black (dark; profound; abstruse) virtue (moral character; heart; kindness). 是谓玄德。(shì wèi xuán dé.)
Fourth Pass: Chapter of the Month
(pandemic era)
Zoom on YouTube Recordings:
https://youtu.be/XRwJRM8UMyA is a link to unedited Zoom video of this month’s Sunday meeting. The shorter first part of the meeting begins with a chapter reading followed by attendees’ commentary, if any. A little later on begins the longer open discussion part of the meeting when those who wish to discuss how the chapter relates to their personal experience.
Corrections?
None this time
Reflections
Loaded down in living, can you be without?
Without what, was my first thought? When I feel really loaded down in living I feel a strong need for something that will lighten the load. Ironically, it is being with (clinging) that often makes living feel loaded down. Of course, life in general is a loaded down experience. The very simple task of survival requires all living things to work enough to counter entropy. Simply put, life is work; death is rest. Thus, my wish is to be as able to be without as possible while loaded down in living. That is, living is simpler and less loaded down to the extent I can be without.
Overall, I see this chapter as an aspirational story… an ideal destination to aim for. To be sure, this serene destination is in the end a fantasy, i.e., life is still work, and work can only be serene up to a point. The heart still needs to work beating out its rhythm, the lungs still need to work inhaling and exhaling. Accordingly, it is the journey, the process that is the actual—be here now—destination and not any storybook ending portrayed and promised. Nonetheless, the further from balance my life actually feels, the more real and inviting the storybook promises appear. I mean, I just want to arrive and not suffer through the journey.
Focused in spirit, can you be as a baby?
I imagine being a baby, eyes wide, knowing nothing but the instincts I was born with. Now, I ponder my 78-year-old self. What is the difference? The more honestly I look, the less difference I notice. The differences are minor, relative, and often self-serving, e.g., “Wow, I’m the master of my destiny now”. Ultimately, isn’t this the big difference we think we see? The baby is totally dependant, whereas we can harbor the illusion that we are in control of our actions, our life. No wonder the belief we have free choice, free will is so enticing. The belief we have is the reality we think we know, and vice versa… it’s a closed loop. Discarding belief, and observing the world with ‘baby eyes’ opens up an unlimited view. At least until I begin enclosing my mind with belief again. Chapter 71 reveals how to keep belief on the back burner of the mind, Realizing I don’t know is better; not knowing this knowing is disease. (See Belief: Are We Just Fooling Ourselves? and Free Will: Fact or Wishful Thinking?)
Washing away the mystery, can you see life as flawless?
Self-interest makes life feel flawed. If the world isn’t the way I want and expect it to be, something feels wrong. Only by weakening my illusion of self (“I”) can I see life as flawless. However, weakening “I” feels like self-suicide, so it is easier to maintain my illusion of self even if that means seeing life as flawed as ever. Consider this excerpt from Buddha’s 2nd and 3rd Noble Truth: “The illusion of self originates and manifests itself in a cleaving to things.” And “He who conquers self will be free from lust. He no longer craves and the flame of desire finds no material to feed upon. Thus it will be extinguished”. Conquering self requires me to cease cleaving to things. In the end, this too is impossible, for cleaving is integral to all life. However, these Truths work well as a destination for life’s journey. Again, it’s the journey—the intention—that matters, not the arrival. Fortunately, merely having this as a sincere destination can truly help rein in the cleaving.
Loving the nation, can you govern the people without acting?
I used this line as a model for raising my two sons. Fortunately, then being in my late 40’s, I was able to adopt this model fairly well. Had I been a father in my 20’s, I probably would have found the premise appealing, but faced with reality, my self-interest would have made applying the model mostly impossible. Seeing life as a journey helps reduce the pressure to arrive ‘now’. Step-by-step is how the journey unfolds, despite all our wishes to the contrary. These lines from chapter 64 offer insight…
When Heaven’s gate opens wide, can your action be female?
I usually think of when Heaven’s gate opens wide as moments of high stress, being attacked by police, being shot at, or living through a big earthquake, all of which I have experienced. At those times, I could only be as female as my intrinsic nature allowed. I do happen to be of a more stoic nature and so at those times I was female to an extent. But, I had absolutely no control over that. In heaven’s gate open wide moments, we can only react according to our innate nature. Mmm… actually, in a way, every moment is a heaven’s gate open wide moment if you take life seriously. Thus, we can only ever respond to life according to our innate nature. That is a shocking notion for anyone wishing to control destiny effectively.
When understanding reaches its full extent, can you know nothing?
By now, I have found that it is only by my understanding reaching its full extent that I am able to know nothing, i.e., I’m able to intuitively realize that I know nothing. It is rather odd. I assume the great insecurity felt in youth propels the young to accumulate understanding, i.e., knowledge is power. In those years, the last thing we can accept is the idea we know nothing. Only when knowledge doesn’t matter can we own up to our own ignorance. As chapter 70 begins, Our words are very easy to know, very easy to do.
Under heaven none can know, none can do.
Give birth to, nurture, give birth and yet not have;
This was another model for rearing my sons. They were not mine! They were only borrowed for a short time during those lovely childhood years. The Bhagavad Gita describes this approach to life’s journey well…
2:47 Set thy heart upon thy work, but never on its reward. Work not for a reward: but never cease to do thy work.
5:12 This man of harmony surrenders the reward of his work and thus attains final peace: the man of disharmony, urged by desire, is attached to his reward and remains in bondage.
18:12 When work is done for a reward, the work brings pleasure, or pain, or both, in its time; but when a man does work in Eternity, then Eternity is his reward.
Act and yet not depend on;
The promise of reward, of success, is a strong driver of action. The more you feel life meaning hinges on the results of your action, the more you depend on that reward. Here are a few more of its observations on reward.
As you will see, it is rather stern, unlike the Tao Te Ching. This reveals another aspect of cultural stories. Namely, certain stories resonate at certain stages of life, and/or to those of certain temperaments. To be sure, the Bhagavad Gita was my model for many years. As I mellowed, my interest in the Taoist story grew. Oh, and the Bhagavad Gita contains much implied, if not explicit, free will and that is the story I wanted to hear in my youth. All the same, the basic principles reach ‘across the aisle’.
2:43 Their soul is warped with selfish desires, and their heaven is a selfish desire. They have prayers for pleasures and power, the reward of which is earthly rebirth.
2:49 Work done for a reward is much lower than work done in the Yoga of wisdom. Seek salvation in the wisdom of reason. How poor those who work for a reward!
Be in charge and yet not rule;
This line also served as an extremely efficient model for raising my sons. I suppose this whole chapter is one of the best models for anyone serving a role as a steward, a parent, an employer, a teacher. In fact, it’s an excellent model for living life overall. Alas, implementing it is another matter. So, like children, we pretend a lot. 🙂
This is called profound moral character.
The Chinese for profound moral character here is, 玄德 (xuán dé black (dark; profound; abstruse) virtue (moral character; integrity; heart; kindness). I regard this whole chapter as a key to illuminating the deepest Taoist meaning of virtue. Notice how different this feels from the common Judeo Christian meanings. That said, of course, the black virtue described here also encompasses the Western meaning of virtue. The beauty of the Taoist connotation is that it leaves behind a lot of cultural baggage conveyed by the word ‘virtue’. Consider how chapter 38 begins, Superior virtue is not virtuous, and so has virtue. Inferior virtue never deviates from virtue and so is without virtue.
Video Archive https://youtu.be/XRwJRM8UMyA
Third Pass: Chapter of the Month
Corrections?
None this time
Reflections:
Today the list of questions this chapter highlights hints at how we beat ourselves up over not being as perfect as we think we should be. Take the first two lines for example,
Loaded down in living, can you be without?
Focused in spirit, can you be as a baby?
The implied answers to the questions tout ideals to which we aspire, but which are, like all ideals, unrealistic and unnatural. I suppose that seems an overly bold statement, but not if you agree that ideals are fundamentally projections of what we want to happen. Moreover, ideals all tend to arise when we think we know, and thus a symptom of our ‘disease’. As chapter 71 puts it, Realizing I don’t’ know is better; not knowing this knowing is disease.
I see aspirations as a kind of civilized hunt & gather dynamic. Of course, our hunt & gatherer ancestors also must have aspired to some ideals — they could think after all! However, they would have felt much less pressure to realize their aspirations since they enjoyed a socially secure egalitarian life. In our hierarchical social system, the need to have our ideals mesh with reality is huge because this promises a path to connection.
Still, I’m not saying we shouldn’t aspire to ideals, especially these Taoist ideals. We are civilized people, not hunter & gatherers. However, chasing after what is ultimately futile may be more harmful than beneficial. Acknowledging (Right Comprehension) that ideals are not real, but simply symptoms of what I desire makes for a self-honest internal compromise. This reminds me of chapter 1’s suggestion, Hence, normally without desire so as to observe its wonder. Normally having desire so as to observe its boundary.
Desire is not something one can give up, and so chapter 1 astutely suggests, “normally having desire”. Frankly, all other references to desire in the Tao Te Ching are ideas hinting at limiting desire. As chapter 19 says, See simply, embrace the plain, and have few personal desires. Alas, that smacks a little of the free will ideal. (See Free Will: Fact or Wishful Thinking?)
An unavoidable misunderstanding that occurs in reading any scripture is the ideal of free will, either implicit or implied. We cherish the belief in our power to make choices. After all, that is what we believe sets us apart from ‘dumb’ animals. The lure of free will is that it promises to make ideals come true if we try hard enough.
Getting over this fantasy was perhaps the most liberating leap of my life. I no longer waste time and energy on futile pursuits, and best of all, forgiveness has become almost second nature now. Without free will, no one can be blamed for the deeds they do. Their deeds, both good and bad arise from deep-seated needs, fears, and the circumstances in which they find them selves, and of which they — we — have no control! I find that the more ruthless I face the truth, the less I stress over the impossible. The truth truly sets us free.
Give birth to, nurture, give birth and yet not have;
Act and yet not depend on;
Be in charge and yet not rule;
This is called profound moral character
Viewing the list of questions as hinting at how we beat ourselves up over not being as perfect as we think we should be, puts the last four statements in a more realistic light as well. Rather than being prescriptions for perfecting one’s character, they now come across as describing the reality one experiences in moments of profound moral character. How long these moments last depends on how quiescent one’s needs and fears remain. You see, one has no way to improve one’s moral character. It just is what it is.
Allowing nature (ziran 自然) to be self so takes courage, i.e., (zi 自 self) + (ran 然 so)
Second Pass: Work in Progress
Issues:
First the easy part. I tightened up lines 7, and added a ‘yet‘ to lines 8 and 9 to bring out the contrast, i.e., 而 means: and; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not).
Line 1 and 2 are a bit tricky, not so much in meaning, but in terms of saying it succinctly and literally as possible. So, this is an improvement I feel, but I doubt I have heard the end of this.
Loaded down in living, can you be without? more succinctly conveys the idea that… While you are loaded down with daily ‘real life’ living can you Devote effort to emptiness, sincerely watch stillness? If more succinct makes sense, then it serves best. That is why the Tao Te Ching is so popular, eh? 😉
Focused in spirit, can you be as a baby? more succinctly conveys the idea that… Living a spirited life, vigorous and even angry at times, can you be as simple and natural as a baby without the over-thinking, Judgment passing, and dragging up of selected memory to bolster your rationalizations?
Commentary:
One thing in particular stands out between how D.C. Lau translates this, and what it says to me. He presents a more ‘objective’ view of how ‘It‘ is. ‘It‘ being the ‘Tao‘, I suppose you could say. I don’t particularly care how the ‘Tao‘ manages, unless it tells me a more effective way to live my life. Interpreting it subjectively is more direct and easier to model, for me anyway.
It is the steward yet exercises no authority. Such is called the mysterious virtue’ caught my eye today. ‘Mysterious’ is the word D.C.Lau uses to translate xuan (玄) which actually translates more directly as black; dark; profound; abstruse. Granted, all those carry a ‘mysterious’ flavor to them. The word mysterious more commonly translates to shenmi (神秘). Like many Chinese words, that is a dual character word. The first character, shen (神), means god; deity; divinity; supernatural; magical; spirit and the second character, mi (秘), means secret; mysterious; abstruse.
Why D.C. Lau chose to translate it this way is curious. It is somewhat significant because he is a renowned authority. Did he choose mysterious over dark, profound, or abstruse because mysterious is easier to understand? In my view, deep and profound convey the idea much more, well, deeply—the domain of the black and dark! These words are like the seeds from which mysterious emerges. The etymology of mysterious also makes the black and dark a better fit for xuan (玄). Have a look…
Mysterious [French mystérieux, from mystère, secret, from Latin mystērium, from Greek mustērion, secret rite, from mustēs, an initiate, from mūein, to close the eyes, initiate.]
Secret: [Middle English, from Old French, from Latin sēcrētus, from past participle of sēcernere, to set aside : sē-, apart + cernere, to separate.]
There is nothing mysterious about being the steward yet exercises no authority, or as I put it, Be in charge and not rule. Rather, it is a more mature, profound and deeper way of being in charge. It is what true stewardship is about as compared to control and domination. The same goes for Act and yet not depend on and Give birth to, nurture, give birth and yet not have. These are deeper facets of action and giving birth to that come only with maturity. They are subtle, weighty, patient… but not mysterious, as I see it.
On the other hand, to be fair, they are mysterious in terms of their rarity, and in how they are an open secret and knowable to anyone mature enough to see. This view reminds me of, Our words are very easy to know, very easy to do. Under heaven none can know, none can do.
When understanding reaches its full extent, can you know nothing? Well, not only can I, but I find such know nothing to be inevitable. The more I ‘know’ the more I know that I know nothing. This is another one of those dead obvious open secrets. Some of the other points made here like, Focused in spirit, can you be as a baby? can be a more difficult shoe to fit into. I can be as a baby only when I cease thinking, but to cease thinking 24/7 would be unnatural. I am human; I think. The barn door has opened and the cognitive cows are out in the field. Even so, just realizing the difficulty that comes with that is enough to maintain satisfactory balance. As a favorite passage says, Realizing I don’t know is better; not knowing this knowing is dis-ease.
Finally, this chapter was particularly helpful in affirming how I sought to raise my children. Nothing surpasses the wisdom and effectiveness of this approach. If I’d had children in my 20’s rather than in my 40’s, I would have been incapable of following this approach. Maturity is the base upon which wisdom stands. Alas, in the modern times, young parents are more often left without much mature family elder guidance, and so it turns out to be ‘children’ rearing children on their own. It doesn’t help that the culture has become youth skewed, as exemplified by the old saw, “don’t trust anyone over 30 didn’t help”. Of course, that will all change in time… naturally.
Suggested Revision:
Loaded down in living, can you be without?
Focused in spirit, can you be as a baby?
Washing away the mystery, can you see life as flawless?
Loving the nation, can you govern the people without acting?
When Heaven’s gate opens wide, can your action be female?
When understanding reaches its full extent, can you know nothing?
Give birth to, nurture, give birth and yet not have;
Act and yet not depend on;
Be in charge and yet not rule;
First Pass: Chapter of the Week
Loaded down with life, can you leave with nothing reminds me of advice Jesus gave: “Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal: But lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break through nor steal: For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also”.
The last sentence points to underlying causes in my view. Here, ‘where your heart is’ determines what treasures pulls you. I suppose most would agree with that, and yet I often hear folks blame the ‘treasure’. Clinging to treasure is a symptom of ‘where the heart is’. The treasure isn’t the cause, it’s the effect. So, what causes the heart to be where it’s at? Do we choose that? Every example I can recall suggests an emphatic ‘no way Jose’! Rather, it is weakness, or perhaps the fear of weakness, that drives us to hang on, to give birth and have; to act and depend on; to be in charge and rule, and the rest. In other words, weakness is the means the way employs; in our case the fear of weakness does the trick. The master puppeteer, Mother Nature (mysterious female) sure knows how to pull our strings to get life done.
Given most (if not all) of this natural process is beyond our control, why discuss it? I’ve found that the more I realize it is beyond my control, the easier it becomes to model that which is naturally so. It is an ultimate irony; only by accepting my helplessness can I see life as flawless; only then can I truly be who I am; only then can I avoid contending with ideals of who I should be. Although, by discussing any of this leads to the ideal of how ‘it’ could be. Irony upon irony, I suppose it’s a wash in the end.