Translation
Thirty widths share one hub, out of its nothingness, exists the useful vehicle.
Mix water with clay soil, think utensil, out of its nothingness exists the useful utensil.
Cut out a door and window, think room, out of its nothingness exists the useful room.
Hence, of having what is thought favorable, of the nothing think as the useful.
1) three (more than two; several; many) ten (topmost) width of cloth (size, extent) share (together; all) one hub, equal (out; should; regard as) his (its; their; that; such) nothing (nil; without; not), have (there is; exist) vehicle (machine) of use (apply). 三十幅共一毂，当其无，有车之用。(sān shí fú gòng yī gū, dāng qí wú, yŏu chē zhī yòng.)
2) mix water with clay soil think (believe; consider that) implement (utensil), equal (out; should; regard as) his (its; their; that; such) nothing (nil; without; not), have (there is; exist) implement (utensil) of use (apply). 埏埴以为器，当其无，有器之用。(shān zhí yĭ wéi qì, dāng qí wú, yŏu qì zhī yòng.)
3) chisel (cut a hole) door (household; family) window think (believe; consider that) room, equal (out; should; regard as) his (its; their; that; such) nothing (nil; without; not), have (there is; exist) room of use (apply). 凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用。(záo hù yŏu yĭ wéi shì, dāng qí wú, yŏu shì zhī yòng.)
4) incident (happening; reason; hence) have (there is; exist) of think (believe; consider that) sharp (favorable; advantage), nothing (nil; without; not) of think (believe; consider that) use (apply). 故有之以为利，无之以为用。(gù yŏu zhī yĭ wéi lì, wú zhī yĭ wéi yòng.)
Third Pass: Chapter of the Month
Reflections:
The three lines that precede the last line, Hence, of having what is thought favorable, of the nothing think as the useful, set the stage for making a case that nothing is something important! I wonder if our Taoist ancestors would have used the Big Bang, instead of a wheel, to hint at the true nature of nothing had they know that was how the Universe began.
All the same, they knew the awesome ‘power’ of nothing as other chapters reveal. Consider these examples:
Hence existence and nothing give birth to one another. #2 [In principle, this speaks to the Big Bang, does it not?]
When understanding reaches its full extent, can you know nothing? #10 [And then the difficulty can become remembering that you know nothing! ]
The way normally does nothing, yet there is nothing not done. #37 [This somewhat parallels Jesus in Matthew 6:26-34, “Look at the birds of the air, for they neither sow nor reap… Therefore do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about its own things. Sufficient for the day is its own trouble”.
In the opposite direction, of the way moves. Loss through death, of the way uses.
All under heaven is born in having, Having is born in nothing. #40 [The survival instinct probably makes this difficult to appreciate fully! Of course, that is a factor through out the Tao Te Ching.]
Sees nothing, yet understands. #47 [The ‘power’ of nothing stands out more if we use ‘and’ instead of ‘yet’, i.e., no (not) see (appear, become visible) <conj.> and (yet, but) bright (light; clear; open; honest; understand). 不见而明。(bù jiàn ér míng.]
I do nothing and the people change themselves. #57 [This brings the ‘power’ of silence to mind.]
Taking this, the wise do nothing, hence never fail, Hold nothing, hence never lose. #64 [This must sound repugnant to anyone who has yet to develop a subtler sense of nothing.]
As a final example, consider the post, Fear & Need Born in Nothing, It speaks to how nothing is foundational to life processes.
The difficulty of acknowledging the value of Nothing
Animal instinct naturally focuses on the ‘somethings’ of the environment. Thus, it is not surprising that human culture places no particular importance on Nothing. This is what sets the Tao Te Ching apart from all the rest. While Buddhism places a premium on Emptiness (Śūnyatā), Buddhism fails to link the Nothing and Something together as we see in the Tao Te Ching. That is not surprising since Buddha wisely focused on practical issues and steered clear of mystical speculations. The practical and powerful aspect of Nothing is hard to perceive. Chapter 72 hints at the consequences of this blind-spot, When the people don’t fear power, Normally great power arrives.
Buddha’s 2nd Noble Truth comes into play here also when it points out, “the illusion of self originates and manifests itself in a cleaving to things”. Word meaning counts as ‘things’ upon which we cleave. Indeed, word meaning may be one of the things to which we hold onto most tenaciously. Conversely, there is nothing to grasp onto when it comes to the no-thing of Nothing.
Only Nothing remains when you destroy word meaning
Word free consciousness is the natural conscious state of all other life on earth. Language has made human dominance of this planet possible. Knowledge is power, and words allow us to gather and share knowledge to a degree impossible for other animals. Naturally, we pay a price for this power. Chapter 71 points to this problem — this ‘disease’… Realizing I don’t’ know is better; not knowing this knowing is disease.
Truly realizing we don’t know is difficult because our ‘knowing’ begins at basic word meaning. We have an unquestioning trust in the words of our native language. Breaking that trust is essential if we are to fully realize we don’t know. Yet, word meaning has been an integral part of our awareness since infancy. How can we disassemble something so ingrained in our psyche?
The Zen Koan is an attempt to do just that. It is a story, dialogue, question, or statement, used in Zen practice to provoke the great doubt. For example, “Two hands clap and there is a sound, what is the sound of one hand?” or “What is your original face before your mother and father were born?” The problem with the Koan is that the ‘master’ must personalize it for each aspirant.
Art, music, poetry and such offer some temporary cognitive relief by leaving word meaning behind for a few moments at a time by inviting the ‘feeling’ mind to tune in. Yet, word meaning retains its potency and always rushes in to reclaim awareness. None of the arts can penetrate word meaning in any permanent way like the Koan.
If you are interested in a do-it-yourself Koan style process, see Tools of Taoist Thought: Correlations. The correlation process may help wean you away from word meaning to some extent. How much probably depends on how emotionally attached you are to word meaning in the first place. Anyway, test it out and see.
Fully destroying all trust in word meaning, if one could, would turn one into an idiot of sorts, I suppose. You could not function in society. No worries though — there is no way you can destroy total trust in words. The Koan or correlations only sever the deepest roots of word meaning, leaving you with enough to function in society, and yet, allow you to always have the constant — Nothing — close at hand.
Original mind — nothing mind
Animals, other than human, are not burdened by the dialectic baggage of words and language. While they do focus on the ‘somethings’ of their environment, they don’t have the cognitive background ‘noise’ of words to drown out conscious space. When the external ‘somethings’ are at rest, an animals awareness easily notices ‘Nothing’ by default. When the external ‘somethings’ are at rest, a human’s awareness habitually fills up with imagined ‘somethings’, in a kind of virtual ‘hunt & gather’. I suppose that is when we pick up a book or another source of distraction to chase after.
Second Pass: Work in Progress
Issues:
I only deleted one messily coma this time.
Commentary:
I saw a between the lines message today in how this chapter addressing widths as opposed to spokes. Widths are the all important yet profoundly ‘invisible’ nothingness between the things we notice most… the spokes.
Mix water with clay soil, think utensil etc., speaks to the mystery of creativity as I experience it, anyway. I relax my conscious state, take in the ‘water and clay soil‘ (raw materials and/or observations), think ______, and voila! The think part is the cognitive process that puts ‘2+2’ together. This is the beneficial side on thought. It gives us a survival edge that put us at the top of the food web-chain. Every benefit comes with its complementary detriment, i.e., Realizing I don’t know is better; not knowing this knowing is dis-ease.
Belief vs. the Natural Nothing
All the comings and goings of daily life—the pleasures pulling us this way and the pains pushing us that way—can leave us feeling confused and disconnected. This fearful situation funnels us into adopting beliefs that make us feel more secure and comfortable (1), despite often being at odds with the natural world. The most notable difference between beliefs and the natural world is how nature is always changing, adapting, waxing and waning.
Beliefs, on the other hand, are sacrosanct and static. We hold them frozen in orthodoxy, and if threatened, we defend them to the bitter end. Beliefs, being discordant with nature in general, can eventually lead to difficulty more often than not. In other words, the more tightly you cling to any belief the less likely you can realize they are not ‘true’, i.e., again, realizing I don’t know is better; not knowing this knowing is dis-ease.
Understanding the importance of nothing, least in theory is a useful beginning. This helps open our eyes to the role nothing plays in everything. For example, in music, the space between the sounds is what makes the beat possible. And the beat is what makes music musical. The spaces between the words in singing are what make it poetry. This applies equally to the other arts. In sports, in work, in hand-to-hand combat, eating, the ability to sense the space—nothing—is what brings order to chaos.
Indeed, it is in the space—nothing—where we feel true love. True love? Correlations helps flesh out what this can mean: love = nothing = quiet = patience = weak = loss = failure as contrasted with the other side of that coin: need = something = loud = impulsive = forceful = gain = success. As Buddha said, “the illusion of self originate and manifests itself in a cleaving to things“, not cleaving to nothing/s—the “illusion of self” blinds us to ‘true love’.
Suggested Revision:
Thirty widths share one hub,
…. out of its nothing exists the useful vehicle.
Mix water with clay soil, think utensil,
…. out of its nothing exists the useful utensil.
Cut out a door and window, think room,
…. out of its nothing exists the useful room.
Hence, of having what is thought favorable,
…. of nothing think as the useful.
(1) This corresponds to a question I just posed on CenterTao’s Facebook page: “The fear of discomfort tends to make life increasingly uncomfortable. How can we deal with this roadblock to happiness?” Certainly, from a symptoms point of view, belief is one major way we deal with this. Does belief work? My jury is still out on that. However, belief can certainly work in the short term—belief helps keep us sane. I imagine, although, for reasons given above, it is a “dis-ease”.
First Pass: Chapter of the Week
The first three lines introduce the principle and the fourth brings it home: ‘Hence, of having what is thought favorable, of nothing think as the useful’. Appreciating the fundamental virtue of Nothing is a profound challenge. We are innately (instinctively, biologically) drawn to the ‘somethings‘ in life. We value life over death, superior or inferior, merit over inadequacy – in other words survival and success. Likewise, we fear failure; we want to go directly to success. We buy lottery tickets.
I find that recognizing and even embracing the ‘failures and mistakes’ part of life’s journey makes life easier to understand and easier to put into practice. Contending with the inevitable spirit of the valley, on the other hand, simply increases the difficulty. Ironically, the desire to avoid difficulty leads to difficulty. In losing I gain, in gaining I lose. Only of the nothing think as the useful. Now, that’s what I call true justice.